The Bible Terms 3

The Word is Alive



Language
Hebrew=Language of the ancient Hebrews, used in OT, retained as a scholarly and religious language after its decline as a vernacular about 4BC.

Chaldean=Ancient Semitic language. Some Hebrew words can have a comparative meaning.

Aramaic=Language of the Jews in Palestine after captivity and that spoken(common dialect)by Jesus and his disciples.

Greek=Indo-European, Hellenistic language of ancient or modern Greece. Ancient ,or classical Greek, from Homer AD200.Four Dialects: Aeolians/Aeolic, Athenians/Attic, Dorians/Doric and Ionians/Ionic.

Late Greek Koine,LGk.(Gr.Koine (dialektos)common form of Greek, an outgrowth of the Attic dialect with many Ionic elements used throughout the Greek world from the time of conquests of Alexander to the six century. Koine was literally the language of Aristotle and Plutarch,and was used inthe septuagint and NT,in its spoken form it became the basis of virtully all modern Greek Dialects.

Latin={L.Latinus of Latium,Latin] Pertains to the ancients Latium, its inhabitants, their culture or language. The Indo-European, Italic language of ancient Latium and Rome, extensive used in western Europe until modern times as a language of learning, and still retained as the official language of the Catholic Church. The popular speech of the Romans in its all stages of the language from about A>D>200 through the medieval period.

Septuagint=LXX[70;from a tradition that it was produced for PtolemyII in 70 days by a group of 72 Palestinian translators] An old Gr.version of the OT.Scriptures,made in Alexandria between 280 and 130BC;It is the version used by the Greek Church.The Hebrew Scriptures were translated into Greek 200 years before Christ.

MV:Ac28:25-28
Bib1Yr:Nu21,22Balaam’s Ass

The Bible Terms 2

Judaism Kitve/kithbe Kodesh(Holy Scriptures)

Tanakh=formed from the initials of the Hebrew names of its three main divisions:

___Torah("Law"the first five)=

Bereshith:Ge, 

 Shemot:Ex 

 Vayiqra:Lv, 

Bemidmar:Nu, 

Debarim:Deut

---Nevi'im(Prophets)

[Rishonim"Former":

Yehoshua:Js, 

 Shofetim:Jg, 

 Shemuel:Sam, 

 Melakim:kings


[Aharonim"Latter":

Yeshayahu:Isa, 

 Yirmeyahu:Jer 

 Yehzeqel:Eze,

and Tere Asar: the 12 minor Prophets]

• Hosea
• Joel
• Amos
• Obadiah
• Jonah
• Micah
• Nahum
• Habakkuk
• Zephaniah
• Haggai
• Zechariah
• Malachi

***Kethubim"Writings"/Hagio"Holy" Grapha"to write"

[Sifre Emet"Book of Truth":

Tehilim:Psa, 

 Misle:Pro, 

 Iyyob:Job 


Megillot"5rolls":

Shir Hashirim:Cant/Sgs, 

 Ruth, 

 Ekah:Lam, 

 Qoheleth:Ec, 

 Ester:Est


+ Historical Books:

Daniyel:Dan, 

 Ezra, Nechemyah:Neh, 

 Dibre Hayyamim:Chr]

Talmud=Mishnah(oral Law)+Gemara(Commentary on the Oral Law). Revered second only to the bible. It is used by the Orthodox Jews.

Sopherim is succeeded as writers and not only teachers, succeeded by the Masoretes(guardians of the masorah"traditions")

Tanna(pl.Tannaim)Aramaic"teacher",talmudic designated who flourished in the first and second centuries, they were the successors of Sopherim(scribes)


Amora-im="expounders"Tannaitic teachings

Link

Mezuzah =are inscribed portions of scriptues(Deteronomy 6:4-9;11:13-21)placed on the side of the doors of Jewish houses

Targum=during the middle of the first millennium BC., a Syrian language called Aramaic gradually became the dominant commercial and popular tongue throughout the Mid.East. As the Jews adopted this language,they forgot their Hebrew language and could understand less and less of the scriptures read to them in the synagogue. Eventually, translator was needed to render the text into Aramaic as it was written out in Hebrew. The translator was known as torgeman and his translation as a targum


Masoretes avoided any direct change in the Hebrew text, which by their time was considered too sacred to altered. Instead, they added thousands of marginal notes which proposed corrections of spelling and even of meaning. For example, the original Job13:15 reads "Behold, He(God)will kill me, I shall not hope! The masoretes proposed one change-from ()"not" to "in him"--the resulting translation is in the King James"Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him"


Masoretic text when examine are not an exact copies of the original.

MV:Jn12:40
Bib1Yr:Nu18-20Moses and Aaron Fails

The Bible Terms

Bible
[14c.,< Anglo-L. biblia< M.L./L.L. biblia (neuter plural interpreted as fem. singular), in phrase biblia sacra "holy books," < Gk. ta biblia to hagia "the holy books," from Gk. biblion "paper, scroll," the ordinary word for "book," originally a dim. of byblos "Egyptian papyrus," possibly so called from Byblos (modern Jebeil, Lebanon), the name of the Phoenician port from which Egyptian papyrus was exported to Greece (cf. parchment). Or the place name might be from the Gk. word, which would then probably be of Egyptian origin. The Christian scripture was refered to in Gk. as Ta Biblia as early as c.223. Bible replaced O.E. biblioðece (see bibliothek) as the ordinary word for "the Scriptures." Figurative sense of "any authoritative book" is from 1804.]

Scripture[c.1300, "a writing, an act of writing," esp. "the sacred writings of the Bible," < L. scriptura "a writing, character, inscription," < scriptus, pp. of scribere "write"]

Chapter[c.1200, "main division of a book," < L. capitulum, dim. of caput (gen. capitis) "head" (see head). Sense of "local branch" traces to convocations of canons at cathedral churches, during which the rules of the order or a chapter (capitulum) of Scripture were read aloud.]

VERSE[c.1050, "line or section of a psalm or canticle," later "line of poetry" (c.1369), < Anglo-Fr. < O.Fr. vers,< L. versus "verse, line of writing," < PIE base *wer- "to turn, bend" (see versus). The metaphor is of plowing, of "turning" from one line to another (vertere = "to turn") as a plowman does. O.E. fers, an early W.Gmc. borrowing directly < L. Meaning "metrical composition" is recorded from c.1300; sense of "part of a modern pop song" (as distinguished from the chorus) is attested from 1927. The English N.T. first divided fully into verses in the Geneva version (1551).

"Verse was invented as an aid to memory. Later it was preserved to increase pleasure by the spectacle of difficulty overcome. That it should still survive in dramatic art is a vestige of barbarism." [Stendhal, "De L'Amour," 1822]

MV:Lk8:10
Bib1Yr:Nu15-17Korah and Company